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Asymmetric Intelligence

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  1. Wall St. discounts Apple's growth potential

    Research · 2 comments

    Apple, with its $50 a share in cash, could earn as much as $17 to $20 a share in 2011, which means the stock is trading at a cheap 12.5 times next year’s earnings. Cramer said even if Apple hits his $300 target, the stock will still be cheap trading at just 15 times earnings.

    “That’s less than almost every single growth stock I follow,” Cramer said, “and even less than the S&P 500’s multiple.”

    via Jim Cramer Predicts Apple Inc. (NASDAQ:AAPL) will hit $300 a Share | Madd Money.

    S&P forecasts the S&P 500 average P/E for 6/30/2010 at 22.57.

    Readers of this blog may recall that I noticed Apple's discounted valuation several times.

  2. Will Apple rule the iPad market?

    Research · 1 comment

    This question sounds like a tautology. It's like asking "Will Apple rule the iPod market?" But redundancy has not stopped WSJ journalist Benjamin Pimentel from asking. His answer to the question is below:

    But while Apple apparently has the edge in the emerging tablet war, it is unclear if the company will end up dominating the market the way it has come to rule the digital music player market with the iPod.

    Gartner's Fiering said the iPad has "raised the bar and suppliers are now scrambling to make sure they get it right."

    IDC now projects 6 million tablet devices to ship this year, including 4 million iPads, Shim said. But while Apple has taken the lead, he added, the company faces the "burden of lifting or defining this entire new market," because there are no other competitive devices available.

    "In the iPhone market, they learned from everybody else," he added in a video interview. "In this new space, there's nobody else to kind of bounce ideas of so to speak."

    But Apple may not have to feel so alone for long.

    Fiering specifically pointed to H-P's as the best positioned challenger, given its scale, reach and its upcoming merger with Palm.

    "There are not too many suppliers that can pull all those pieces together," she said. "H-P could if they integrate the Palm acquisition properly."

    Another IDC analyst, Crawford Del Prete, agreed saying, while the "buzz" from H-P had generally been defensive in relation to the iPad, "the longer term story is far more interesting."

    "Given H-P's massive scale, I think they have the ability to drive new price points for this kind of product," he said. "With a lower price point, the category becomes far more interesting."

    via PC Makers Look To Challenge Apple's IPad - WSJ.com.

    Before diving into the statements above it's worth noting where the journalist went to get opinions to fill his column. He called Gartner and IDC. Quoting industry analysts is a standard operating procedure to fill column-inches with material that does not offend. But how good are they?

    In my years of watching those who watch markets I formed a ranking of analyst types and their likely accuracy with respect to prognosticating a market shift. In order from most accurate to least accurate:

    1. The most accurate are rank amateurs (deagol, Muller, et. al).  Independent bloggers who do some fact checking tend to make the boldest but most accurate forecasts.
    2. The next most accurate are sell-side analysts (purveyors of analyst reports from established brokerages).  They follow financials for individual companies.  You might think their record is quite poor, but in fact they are much better than..
    3. Industry analysts (like Gartner, IDC).  Their forecasts and sensitivity to disruption are often off by an order of magnitude.  This is partly because they forecast a bit further out than Wall St. but also because they are closer to their industry clients-- the source of their ideas.  They spend a lot of time talking to the least accurate forecasters...
    4. The corporate analysts.  They are typically hired to advise management in the incumbent companies. These are people who have the most information about the way the industry is performing on a daily basis.

    You might notice a pattern here: the closer you are to the market, the less likely you are to observe how that market is crumbling around you. You cannot see the forest for the trees.

    How could this be? How can having more access give you a poorer picture? The answer lies in the asymmetry of a disruptive attack. The more you know about how things are the less you know about how things could be.

    In practice, the analyst information value chain works like this:

    Corporate analysts feed information to management that management is comfortable digesting. Those managers then hire industry analysts to validate their opinions. Industry analysts are keen to maintain a relationship with those firms and so they listen carefully to the prejudices of their clients. They then hold up a mirror to those myths and consolidate those opinions for wider distribution and quotation by journalists at respectable publications.

    Stock analysts listen with one ear to the chatter but with the other to the way the wind blows with the stock market. Sometimes they actually sample the data in the value chain directly by calling acquaintances in the market and hire interns to watch what's happening in the shops. They then build an opinion that has some level of surprise but that they hope will not stray too far into controversy so that they can keep their jobs in case they are wrong. The safe bet is always to say that things will stay mostly the way they are, but to say it in clever ways.

    So that just leaves only one group of analysts with independence from a paycheck who can make an opinion on the basis of facts alone.

    This post has become longer than I planned, so I'll dive into the exact answer to the article claims in part II.

  3. Apple's Valuation Struggle

    Research

    I don't know how many times I can re-write this story but here goes another try.

    In the graph below I show Apple's historic share price overlaid Apple's P/E (with and without cash).

    The share price is the line in green with the scale on the right and the P/E (trailing twelve months ex-cash) is shown in blue with the scale on the left.  The P/E including cash (which is what is usually cited) is shown in yellow.

    As the graph shows, while the stock has risen, the P/E has fallen.  This is due to earnings accelerating faster than the stock price. As valuation is usually correlated with growth, it stands to reason that Apple continues to be discounted as a growth stock.

  4. Kathryn Huberty Predicts Apple Performance

    Research · 7 comments

    10 months ago Ms. Huberty released her price target for April 2010 (see graph) at between $100 and $105. The stock was trading at $121 then and her forecast was for a 14% decline.

    She wrote:

    Investment Conclusion: The combination of a March quarter beat and positive management tone is likely to keep AAPL shares in its recent trading range. Valuation is not stretched by any means but at 21x our adjusted C09 EPS, the market already assigns AAPL a 16% premium to RIMM which credits AAPL for lower risk given its large cash balance and a more diversified revenue model. We remain Equal-weight AAPL shares.

    We note that the stock is currently trading above $200 at a P/E of 19x. She had forecast a price of $100 on a P/E of 21x Calendar 2009 Earnings Per Share. The implication is that EPS would have been $100/21 or $4.7 for calendar 2009.

    She already had one quarter of data ($1.79 for CQ1) therefore she forecast $4.7-$1.79 = $2.97 for the remainder of the 2009 calendar year.

    In reality, Apple earned $10.24 for 2009 and $8.45 for CQ2 through CQ4. That makes her error ($8.45-$2.97)/$2.97 = 184%.

    We see today that she has a new forecast for $225 a share which leads us to conclude that she still has a job.