Asymco

Asymmetric Intelligence

asymco-admin

  1. The best worst case scenario

    Research · 4 comments

    Measuring bundle strength to estimate potential for iPhone disruption

    A fasces, from the Latin word fascis, meaning 'bundle' is a bound bundle of wooden rods, often including an axe with its blade emerging. The fasces is an Italian symbol that had its origin in the Etruscan civilization and was passed on to ancient Rome. Its core message is that a single rod is easily broken, but a bound bundle is unbreakable. Thus it is the symbolic version of the phrase united we stand, divided we fall .

    The iPhone was introduced as a bundle: an iPod, a Phone and an Internet Communicator. It went on to bundle a camera, a game console, an email client and literally thousands of other functions which used to be separate products. A calendar, a flashlight, a magnifying glass, a measuring tape, an emergency beacon, all the world's maps, travel assistant, shopping and food delivery, etc. Many of these components created empires for the developers who built them, building separate markets unto themselves.

    The competitive analysis for the iPhone was always about another bundling option in the form of an Android phone. That platform offered to do all the same things, at perhaps a lower price point or a more diverse choice of devices.

    However that competition failed to make a dent in the iPhone. To date, the iPhone continues to grow both in user base and in product variety and price points. Swithing from Android to iPhone is still more common than the alternative.

    But lately, a new competitive thesis has emerged: that of the AI enabled device which is simply an agent that is asked to do things.

    Muse from Meta is the latest example, though we've seen similar arguments for Alexa, Humane, or a future possible set of devices from OpenAI. Less well known are Rabbit R1: A pocket-sized AI hardware device designed to handle tasks and app interactions without a traditional smartphone screen. Smart glasses like those from Meta but also from Solos that integrates artificial intelligence, audio features, and language translation directly into glasses. Abeye: Smart eyewear developer known for health- and wellness-focused optical products like Lexilens and Spectalert.

    Then there are AI-Enhanced Smartwatches: Various next-generation smartwatches and voice-first wristwear serving as screen-light alternatives to standalone AI pins.

    The premise is that if you can ask a microphone-enabled device for anything, it would answer (or act) and it won't need a screen even to interact with. The device is just a passive wearable or even embedded in the environment. Just speak and it will recognize your intent and act.

    The idea is that if you had one of these, you would not need a phone anymore.

    To put it another way, these devices would unbundle the iPhone. They would take a subset of the uses for the product, carve those away and "steal" usage time/cycles/attention into a new platform.

    This is similar to how the original BlackBerry stole usage from computers. They took messaging, initially in the form of short emails, at a time when messaging did not exist as a standalone technology. By stealing messaging, usage of computers shrank to uses that were slow response only. The foothold of messaging arguably anchored the smartphone category.

    However, eventually the smartphone grew into more and more capabilities and created its own. I mentioned photography and video but also social media itself, now consuming trillions of hours.

    But will AI devices really unbundle the phone?

    Clearly the phone can do what the AI tchotchke aims to do. Indeed so can the Apple Watch, iPad, Apple HomePod (and whatever is announced for the home). The idea that an internet-enabled microphone replaces the iPhone is not because the iPhone cannot do what the microphone can do. Nobody has more smart microphones in use that Apple.

    The premise for unbundling is that the less-able alternative, focused on one task only, will be more convenient, much cheaper and delightful to use than the bundled alternative.

    But assuming you do have a dongle that listens, what will you do about your social media habit, your camera, your messaging, your entertainment and all your digital life?

    The answer would need to be that the trinket "grows up" into a phone in the future. That is, that at first it seduces with voice but eventually delivers on visuals.

    That's a tough sell since the iPhone is not standing still. Apple is not averse to building delightful wearable devices. I expect we'll see home and vision line-ups that expand on the audio wearables (AirPods) and watches. These are best-in-class and have the polish that only Apple can deliver.

    To date, the premise was that the newcomers will be "better at AI" but here the race is one with commoditization. Apple can just pick the winners or the pieces once the market shakes out. AI is software and software alone has never been a strong business model. It's too easy to replicate, rebuild, remake, rebadge, redesign.

    The argument that the AI agent unbundles the phone is only the latest in a long list of bundle challengers. Although bundling and unbundling are two great ways to enable disruption, it's not an easy thing to pull off.

    I've had my share of attempts to unbundle the automobile but it's far tougher than just imagining it or realizing that it's necessary. The problem with the (un)bundling theory is that there is no clear way of predicting the strength of the bundle. Or the strength of the component separate from it.

    In the case of the car, the bundle is strong because of externalities such as infrastructures. In the case of the iPhone the bundle is strong because the object is dynamic, changing rapidly, diverse, with wearable accessories, part of network exhibiting network effects and has high value and satisfaction.

    Measuring the strength of a bundle and its resilience to unbundling would be a very interesting topic to research.

  2. iPhone 18 Pro demand jumps nearly 20% in India, rises 12% in China

    Nota Bene · 6 comments

    As prices rose, demand among 2.5 billion consumers rose

    iPhone 18 Pro is estimated to have had a 12% y/y sales increase in its first week on sale in China, placing first in weekly smartphone rankings, according to Counterpoint Research.

    Though the iPhone 18 Pro was only available for only three days, Apple took about 33% of share that week.

    Overall China’s weekly smartphone sales fell at a double-digit year-over-year pace since July. Overall sell-out in Week 38 was still about 17% below the same week a year earlier.

    Meanwhile in India, demand for the iPhone 18 Pro has risen by nearly 20% compared with the iPhone 17 Pro at the same point last year.

    The iPhone 18 lineup went on sale on September 18 and drew long lines in major cities. Some customers traveled for hours to reach Apple Stores in places such as Mumbai, with waits stretching as long as 10 hours.

    Counterpoint Research director Tarun Pathak expects Apple’s volume market share in India to reach 10% in 2026 — the company’s first full calendar year in double digits. That would represent a sharp rise from just 4% in 2022.

    The base iPhone 18 Pro costs the equivalent of about $1,700 in India.

    As iPhone sales grew, makers of lower-priced smartphones reportedly saw a sharper decline this year.

    Anyone see a pattern?

    Let's look at the data.

    The iPhone 18 Pro Density of pixels reduced for a portion …

    for IR sensors in order to support a 25% reduction in the size of the Dynamic island. It has much better thermal performance due to a new vapor chamber architecture. It has a 48MP variable aperture camera with a minimum of f 1.48. The battery life is greatly improved.

    The Pro allows truly professional photography.

    So why did the Phone do so well in India?

    Are we to believe Indians have been clamoring for better vapor chambers and f-stop?

    If we just look at what Apple itself promotes about the product or the cynics who know the price (but not the value) of the product, there are no clues. If we listen to the market analysts they say things like:

    'but that dip was attributed to supply constraints rather than fading demand. Sales had otherwise grown for four years.

    India is also becoming a more important manufacturing base for iPhones, and recent tax breaks could further strengthen Apple’s position. The current surge in iPhone 18 Pro demand suggests Apple’s high-end strategy is connecting with aspirational buyers, though the company will need to keep balancing premium pricing with accessible payment options if the momentum is to last.'

    Neither the feature set analysis nor the market mechanicals explain why the iPhone is growing while the market is shrinking in a market defined by lower incomes and higher share from low-end competitors.

    The missing data is that there are millions of middle and upper income individuals in a population of 2.5 billion (nearly one third of humanity), even if they are in India and China (or even in Africa.) The iPhone is an aspirational product with an enormous amount of utility. Luxury goods do well in emerging markets, as long as there is a sense of prosperity that is growing. But they will pull back in times of anxiety. Apple's products are not luxuries. They embody necessity and are used continuously throughout the day, and every day as long as they are owned.

    Apple has a remarkable position and one wonders how well this is known inside the company while remaining unknown outside.

  3. The best selling product of all time

    Research · 1 comment

    Measuring the iPhone Uno

    Ten years ago, I noted that the iPhone was the most popular product of all time. At the time, it had just crossed 1 billion units sold. This exceeded the quantities of other categories I considered comparable. In the comments there was a furious debate on whether I was measuring popularity correctly. In my defense I pointed out that consumables should not count, nor free products or pieces of content. By the metrics of 2016, I argued, one billion sold exceeded any of the other candidate 'bestsellers'. And it wasn't even one thing...

    The iPhone is not only the best-selling mobile phone but also the best-selling music player, the best-selling camera, the best-selling video screen and the best-selling computer of all time.

    I noted that it did all that in less than nine years and challenged readers to wonder what it will do in the next nine.

    Well, wonder no more.

    Since then, another 2.4 billion iPhone have been sold. That is to say, after becoming the all-time best-seller, it accelerated to sell at 2.5x the previous run rate. Moreover, the first billion iPhones sold for an average price of $655 while the next 2.4 billion sold for $780 each.

    To date, iPhone revenues have totaled $2.5 trillion.

    One can again argue whether there are better candidates for "best-seller" but it would be futile. Not because of the quantity sold, nor because of the value created but because of the consequences of these sales. Quantities can be measured, qualities can't.

    The iPhone changed culture and behavior. It's become an indispensable utility. It is infrastructure. And with anything so consequential, its value is hard to measure.

    For this reason I'm always surprised by the discussions around pricing. The idea that users won't spend more than $x for a "phone" as if it were a discretionary expenditure. As the Covid period showed, these products are not nice to have. They are must-haves.

    The utility has only increased: over 100 "pickups" per day, over 4 hours of use per day, over 5 billion (including ersatz iPhone) users. Trillions of Services and activities are built around it. And it's not finished growing.

    That means that it's the most used product of all time. And if you are so attached to it, why would you not spend a bit more for a better version? It's literally the thing you hold and keep with you more than anything. It is more attached than our clothing or our housing and we don't hesitate much to obtain better versions of either.

    The iPhone Uno was the quintessential $1/day product, or one penny per use. Now the iPhone Duo is offered for $2/day. But will it be used more or be better to use? If it is to gain another hour of use, or a dozen more pickups a day, or increase dwell time then surely the extra dollar is worth it.

    Let's reflect on this in another decade but I have become convinced that the Duo is version 2 of the iPhone and as such it will become even more habituated to us and vice versa.

  4. Asymco Office Hours Duo: The First Ternus Keynote – Sunnyvale Session Recording & Transcript, September 11, 2026

    Office Hours · 1 comment

    Recording and transcript of the September 11, 2026 of the Office Hours Duo, recorded in Sunnyvale two days after Apple's September event, the first keynote under John Ternus.

    Horace shares his impressions from the event and the briefings that followed and takes questions from Asymco One subscribers.

    See inside:

    • Duo: a pricing decision made seven years ago
    • Theatrical, not cinematic: on the attraction of moving objects
    • Duo cents an unlock
    • The 1.2 billion-dollar puzzle of the iPhone ASP
    • Why launch iPhone 18 in spring?
    • The anti-social: Siri, designed not to be a companion
    • Apple's unpretentious moonshot
    • Memory: one-hundred year flood led to famine. What's next?

    Subscribe to Asymco One to see the full recording and transcripts.

    If you missed the first part of Office Hours Duo, you can still join us this coming Friday in person or remotely.


    Video Recording

    Subscribe to Asymco One to watch the recording and read the transcript.

    https://asymco.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/Asymco-Office-Hours-2026-09-11.mp4

    Transcript


    Horace Dediu: Thanks for joining us. We're having our first in-person Office Hours. We've had Office Hours before, but nothing quite like this, and we're having another one next Friday on the East Coast. Today we're in Sunnyvale, near Cupertino, where I was part of the Apple events. They even had us do a walk-run kind of physical thing with Apple Watches. That's where I got this hat: a little souvenir with the rings, and it says Apple Watch on the back. I took part in a run around the Apple Park building, the spaceship. Some people walked, some people ran, and I chose to run. It was ninety degrees Fahrenheit and it was quite a struggle, but I managed to complete all three laps, about three-plus miles, with a bit of jet lag in the process.

    I've been to a lot of these events, and one thing that struck me was how many more people seemed to be there. The audience is typically media. They're there because they're going to promote the product. The purpose of the event is to make sure the word gets out, and none of those people are paid by Apple to be there. This is what's called earned media. Maybe there's some compensation for travel for some, but generally people volunteer, or are asking to be there. I've never seen so many people at this event. It was completely packed. They bussed in a lot of people from all over the world. I somehow ended up with the Europe crowd, so we had a Europe bus, a Japan bus, a China bus, and they clustered us by colored lanyards into different parts of the Steve Jobs Theater.

    Watching all of that operationally was fascinating: the degree of scale and professionalism in event production and event marketing. I've seen dozens of these, but this seemed to be the biggest in terms of production quality. Afterwards we got several briefings. There were people allocated to manage us as groups. I got to see the Mac mini and the Studio being used as localized AI servers, and we met with the product management teams for Apple Intelligence, the iPhone and the Apple Watch, one-on-ones with the product owners, product marketing people, and got to ask questions.

    I got to see John Gruber, the usual suspects, Ben Bajarin. I happened to also see Phil Schiller, who was in the audience, and Avie Tevanian, an eminent ex-Apple engineer famous for his contributions to NeXTSTEP. I didn't meet John Ternus. I escaped from the huge crowd because it was so hectic and so busy, like a circus.

    Given this behind-the-scenes look, my impression of the products is this. Firstly, and I wrote it up today, the pricing was a shock. I think the pricing was very low, and the shock to me was that they are holding the line. Bank of America issued a note suggesting they're going to take a hit on margins, and as a result lowered their target price a few dollars. It's symbolic. I think Apple is very careful about what they're doing here. Pricing at Apple is an art. I've said this many times. It's one of the most carefully thought-out decisions they make, and it is not tied to competitive issues. To some degree, with memory, it's tied to supply questions and to being cost conscious, but it is much more about signaling to customers what the value of the product is. Is it a thousand dollars of value, or multiples of that thousand? That price becomes something that competitors need to deal with. Apple doesn't deal with competitors. Competitors deal with Apple.

    There have been leaks, credible ones in my opinion, that the Duo began seven years ago. This is not unusual. The iPhone took seven years. The Vision Pro took seven years. The Apple car, before it was canceled, took seven years. These things take a long time. And I think the decision to start seven years ago was predicated on the premise that this would be a $2,000 product. That price was set that long ago, irrespective of what happened since. So pricing is one of those things that suggests a very strategic intent. Now, they've tweaked the prices of some of the older products, and the piece I wrote today measures exactly what the percentage changes are depending on the amount of memory involved. That's a reaction to commodity pricing. But overall it's very disciplined pricing, and I think they're going to manage the volumes in a way that is optimal.

    I'm not the only one to say this: I think the Duo will be supply constrained for at least four to six months, which in my mind means about a month's waiting for some configurations. The 18 Pro and Pro Max will probably be less constrained. But demand for the Duo is going to be off the scale. Already people who were skeptics, myself included, are thinking about how to justify buying one. The only one I spoke to who was still on the fence was Ben Bajarin. He really likes the single monoblock configuration. I think he'll cave. He'll realize he needs something like this, if not as a daily device, then for some tasks.

    The products are phenomenal. The Watch: I'm going to write another piece on the new health initiatives. I don't know what to call them; the focus, the dedication. This is a recurring theme, but health is now up yet another notch. It's becoming a coach, an advisor, a longevity guide. That's all very exciting. We're about fifteen minutes in, so let's make sure we give people time for questions. First, anyone with us here. Fred, do you have anything?

    Fred Stein: It's a theme that I think is underreported about the iPhone Duo: pleasure, and prestige, the pride of ownership. It's always been there with Apple products. But being the first to get a foldable, right after everyone's been talking about it for so long, and Apple having its demographic, this might be a big driver, rather than everyone thinking about the practical aspects of it.

    Horace Dediu: Absolutely. The skeptics are the ones who haven't been able to be there, and seeing is believing. Let me use some framing. I called it having a sense of theater about it. It took what was a two-dimensional experience into three dimensions. As the demos show, it's always in motion. It's not just opening it as a book, though even the book nature of it matters. It can be held at a slightly open angle to resemble a book. It will be an alarm clock, a television, a keyboard and screen, and with the Apple Pencil it will be a notebook. The configurations they've demonstrated suggest that it has a sense of theater, a presence, a satisfaction you get from using it in a tactile way. It is not a simple sheet of glass. That has its own attraction; we've always been sold on the thing as a piece of glass. But now it's suddenly an origami, a moving object.

    I'll give my own story. When I was at Nokia we believed in the so-called monoblock, a single phone that didn't have any moving parts, for many practical reasons. It was more durable. It had a longer battery, because you could put a big battery in it. It was cheaper to manufacture. There were all kinds of benefits to having no moving parts. And yet, at the same time, in the US and in Japan the flip phone was catching on big. Everyone in Finland was scratching their heads and asking why anybody would do this, as a user or as a builder of phones. We were resistant and reluctant to convert to the flip format, though eventually I think they did launch a flip phone. One of the things people argued with us about was that there's a sense of action when you open and answer, and a sense of closure when you end the call by closing the phone. In Japan, even more so, they had antennas that pulled out, so you opened it and had all these activities you would do to initiate a call. It's not just for the person doing it, but for the person watching. There are all kinds of secondary and tertiary effects to this form and the way it feels.

    On top of that, I think there's an element of attraction that, without saying it's only women, I think women are going to feel more: that this is more stylish. My wife, for example, has a case that opens this way, because she likes to put cards in it, and she likes the physical cover because the phone sits in a purse. There are all these reasons why you want a folding form factor. It's something perhaps a bit more feminine, and that alone might attract people. We don't think logically about this. We think this is a waste of energy, a waste of time, but it's extremely important to understand. I'm unable to articulate it fully because I haven't seen the research or the data. Perhaps no one has; perhaps it's all secret. But I think Apple has seen what people do with things that move.

    Remember, even Jony Ive said people like to fidget. If you have a pen, you're always clicking it. If you have a pen with more than one function, where you can select different colors of ink, you're always messing with it. There's this notion that physically moving objects have a natural attraction. If I ever have a pen, I take it apart to see what's in it. The psychology of behaviors related to physical objects we hold that have moving parts: I think there's something there. The folding competitors may have known this already, but Apple just didn't think the technology or the quality was there until now. They've made that clear. Apple doesn't do it just because you can. It only does it when it can meet their criteria to be sufficiently good.

    So the product is going to be a big hit, even though it's a niche, and many people, maybe most, would argue they don't need it. It'll be a bigger hit than we anticipate. Initially the market reaction was very muted. The stock closed flat, down half a percent or something. But since then it's risen quite a bit, and on the second and third day we've seen the realization, also by the media who were out there, that this has resonance with audiences. There's a lot of buzz around it. It's on another level. It's not about specs. It never is, with Apple, but in this case in particular I think there's a mystery to it, a mystery as to why it's going to be successful, and a charm. I always said Apple really sells hormones. Here we have people who are going to have the flushed cheeks and the dilated pupils, an emotional, hormonal response. And another thing: if you see another person with it, it's going to be contagious. People will get it from others. And if you go to the store, this is why stores exist. The Apple Store exists precisely for this product. Steve even said the Apple Store exists for the Watch, because once you see it and touch it, you'll be persuaded. In this case, once people see it in the stores, it'll be a huge driver.

    Farshad Nayeri: You mentioned it was theatrical, and I didn't realize at first that you meant it in contrast to cinematic, which is the two-dimensional experience of the iPhone. Theater is three-dimensional, and it is a moving object. Of all the things Apple has made, most are not like this, with screens that move.

    Horace Dediu: They have dynamism within the screen, and the Vision Pro is three-dimensional virtually. What you see on screen comes alive; it's illuminated, and there's beauty in it. But when you go to the theater, the idea is that you have much more intimacy. I wouldn't say this is the first and only one. The Watch has a similar feel because of the band and multiple controls. Watches have always had that kind of mechanical nature. But this is on another level. The object itself transforms.

    Farshad Nayeri: Our experience with the iPhone has been that you touch something and it reacts to you. The screen reacts to your touch. This has it when you open it. That physiological loop between you doing something and it responding: the things that do this are animate objects, live objects. It makes it more alive than a screen. And it's hard to convey any of this.

    Horace Dediu: We're having a struggle here trying to put it in words. Once you see the thirty-second video, then you see it in real life in front of you, then you see other people using it. All of this is the usual effect. Honestly, to see it is to love it.

    Fred Stein: I was riffing off one of your prior articles: reasons to buy it, reasons to have someone else give it to you. Especially in emerging markets. I'm hoping you can go a little further into emerging markets.

    Horace Dediu: As a gift, from men to women perhaps. As I said, it has a nature about it that's attractive. It's an attractive gift, perhaps more feminine than masculine. I'll be honest: I'm thinking of giving it to my wife. I hope she's not watching. I know she likes this form factor. That's how I think about it. I perhaps wouldn't even have one for myself, although maybe I will eventually.

    I'll tell you a big secret. My favorite iPhone is actually the Air. I don't have one now; I'm waiting for the next version. The Air, as John Gruber says, is the nicest iPhone. It has a niceness about it. It is maybe the most beautiful iPhone ever. Here's how I think of it: I'm not sure I can pull it off. I wish I could own one, but to do so would require some compromises. It's like saying I wish I could pull off this outfit, or these shoes. If it's a lady: I wish I could do high heels, because they're wonderful, but they're bad for my back, so maybe I shouldn't wear them. The Air is a similar type of thing. Having it, socially speaking, signals that you are sacrificing for the sake of art, for the sake of beauty. I carry a phone that is less than perfect, but it's beautiful; it's sublime. I'm told many top Apple execs carry that phone, because there's an understanding that it is high art. To me, that's the more desirable one. But the Duo is yet another level.

    Farshad Nayeri: In jobs-to-be-done theory there are three types of hotspots. What you have been describing is the emotional: you open it, you close it, the feeling of that. And the social: other people see it and ask, can I play with it? But there is another one called functional or practical. I think anyone who actually uses an iPad on a regular basis and has an iPhone is going to want one of these, because it's one device. It replaces the iPad mini, and it gives the pocket exception to the iPad. You always want to find what kind of pocket fits an iPad mini, and now you can put it in any pocket.

    Horace Dediu: A lot of people are going to discuss the utility. The whole point I'm making now is to work at another level, away from utility, which gets less coverage because it is so much harder to talk about.

    Farshad Nayeri: Dave Sundahl and I were studying this. If you get all three hotspots locked in, it's very hard, once you have that, to displace that product. It's very stable.

    Horace Dediu: I've been reading many, many comments since the event, and a lot of people are discussing exactly this: pencil use, could I replace my iPad, what size is it, all the possible measurements. I'm trying to highlight the fact that it's sublime beyond these things. The decisions to buy it are much more emotional than rational, because frankly that's how it came across to me. It's a product of dazzling dimensions of attraction, not just utility. It is above that. People argue, and I bring up metaphors and examples: high heels, fashion, jewelry. Why do people buy jewelry at all? It's extremely non-functional, but it signals between people. Especially as a gift, it signals love, it signals desire, and people like to receive those symbols. I don't have to beat this horse. My observation is: why do we not think this should apply to devices that happen to do other things as well, especially highly utilitarian things?

    Let me step back a moment to talk about price again, because I also published this idea that the pricing of the product is about a dollar ninety a day at the starting point of the Duo. Let's round up to two, once you factor in taxes and whatnot. So you end up at two dollars a day, and that's about twice the historical average for the iPhone, or even the average Apple product. The median Apple product is a dollar a day. You can go and check this out: go to store.apple.com, price the product, and see what the lease price is. It'll be approximately $58 per month. Divide that by 365 over twelve and that gets you the daily price. I've done this for all the iPhone configurations, and for other products when they announced Apple Upgrade. Whenever someone says this is going to cost me my mortgage payment, some ridiculous number, that they can't afford it: you have the option to pay on a monthly basis, and it comes to two dollars a day.

    And here's the killer: it's in use four hours a day. Maybe, because of the fold, it's going to be in use more, because people will find jobs to do with it. Entertainment is a huge time sink. People will sit and watch more video, not just short form but long form. Short is easy, that's swiping. Long form: open it up, start watching a movie. Much more comfortable on this device. Then you start to add up the hours and the number of interactions. The average number of unlocks of an iPhone was 80 many years ago. It's possible we're now at a hundred unlocks a day. So two dollars divided by a hundred unlocks is two cents every time you use the phone. If it gets more use, it becomes even cheaper.

    I think people intuitively know this is the most useful product they own. It's the one they can't leave the house without. It's the one they panic over if they can't find it, and they have to have a way of finding it. I use my Watch to find my phone every other day, because it might be in the couch or in the other room. It's so important that you can't be without it for more than a few minutes. It's the thing you check that you have with you whenever you leave the house, and you think about safety all the time: if I don't have my phone, I'm unsafe. What if something goes wrong? If it's that important, two dollars a day. And by the way, the median across all the variants is a dollar forty right now. You can buy a used one for much less: a used iPhone for $400 or $350, no problem, an iPhone 15 or thereabouts. Even if it only lasts two years, that's less than 50 cents a day. The value is unbelievable. I'm preaching to the choir, but I wanted to throw in the $1.90.

    Farshad Nayeri: A little while ago I did a calculation of how much things cost versus how much you use them per day. The cheapest, the one with the most spend and the most utilization, turns out to be your bed. Of course those aren't awake hours, but they're hours. The smartphone was number two.

    Horace Dediu: But the bed goes with the house. That's the difference. The phone is always with you, even when you're not at home. I did this for cars, and cars are the worst. If it's a luxury car that depreciates quickly, it could be over fifty dollars a day. The cost per mile is fifty to sixty cents nowadays, maybe even seventy-five with inflation.

    Farshad Nayeri: I was looking at it per person. Two people share a bed, and a home is shared across two-three-four people.

    Horace Dediu: I don't question the bed. The bed is up there because you're in it for so long, and you should invest in a good mattress, no question. I'm pointing out that the bigger objects in your life, washing machines or refrigerators, are super important and very low per unit. What I'm trying to convey is that there are things in life that are underpriced, in a way, because we use them much more than we think. And other times we're spending way too much. I think cars are much too expensive for what they deliver. You spend one hour a day in a car and yet you spend tens of thousands for one. It's unbelievable. Anyway, moving on.

    Farshad Nayeri: We have some questions. Bob V. asked about AI interactions, now that the new iOS has AI built in. When hallucinations or wrong answers came from ChatGPT, or the original integration we had, Apple could say this is ChatGPT's problem. But now it's integrated into the OS. How does that work, and does that make any difference?

    Horace Dediu: In other words, is there a risk for Apple? I suppose. But then again, people have gotten used to AIs being wrong. There have been improvements in performance and quality, but there's an acceptance that the nature of AI is that it's not deterministic, and usually you get a disclaimer saying answers may be wrong. I don't think there's that much brand risk, as long as the experience is as expected. Of course, Siri also had its problems, but it wasn't usually being wrong. It was not understanding, or not getting the question right.

    Where it gets dangerous is if you're using these technologies to make decisions that are life-threatening, or if it gives you bad advice, as we see with chat AIs, where people become psychotic as a result of using them. I got a briefing on this from the product manager of Apple Intelligence, and she said: we're building Siri not to be a companion. It was a very big deal. It's an advisor, but not a companion. Siri is there as a concierge, a professional persona. It is not an amiable person, because they want to maintain an emotional distance. That was by design. It's interesting they made that decision, because it would have been very attractive to create a companion Siri. Years ago, when Siri first came out, Big Bang Theory put Siri as a character in one of the shows: the nerdy characters became emotionally involved with Siri, and it was a cause for comedy. That was more than ten years ago, and I think since then Apple has become very aware of the pitfalls. They're probably conscious of the hallucinations and being careful with that. But the main focus is not on error prevention. It's on preventing violations of privacy or security. It's far more scandalous if they're accused of some sort of leak of information. They'd get sued right away.

    Farshad Nayeri: Or capturing information: not leaking it, but internally using something.

    Horace Dediu: There was a recent lawsuit where they were claiming there was a privacy fault, and they would get sued because of their claim. This gets very tricky: regulatory concern, legal liabilities, class actions of all kinds. It's part of the cost of doing business, managing all that risk.

    Farshad Nayeri: I've been using the Siri AI in the beta, and I think there are ways Apple could reduce this. They have situations where they know about, say, my contacts. If I'm asking a question about a contact and it hallucinates, they can check whether it's one of my contacts. There are ways to limit the search space, because they have access to a lot more data than your average cloud model.

    Next question. You did the Stairway to Heaven. The top price now is $3,200, is that right? We've got the really high price, but probably not high volume. Does that affect your thinking about the average selling price?

    Horace Dediu: The way I wrote it up today: if you look at the price increases as a percentage from the previous generation, or even the current generation at a higher price, like the 17 non-Pro, there's a range of percentage increases. They're not the same. Obviously, if you're going from 256 gigabytes to 512, that's double, 1024 is quadruple, and then eight times. So you should see bigger jumps, and indeed, if you divide by the capacity, there's some consistency, between 20 and 30 cents per gigabyte of additional cost. This is in my blog post. But what I observed is that some configurations are getting a kind of bonus, in the sense that their increases are lower, as low as 8%. That configuration is the 512 gigabyte. The reason I think that got a break is probably because it's the most common one. That's the logical conclusion. So there's a higher increase at 256, it dips at 512, and then it comes back and is highest at 2048.

    My expectation is that the sweet spot is the 512, and therefore if I were to weight the pricing, I would concentrate on that price point as the most likely one. The mode, that's the word I'm looking for: the most common configuration. Now, it's multiplying way too many assumptions to come up with an exact ASP, but I did pencil something in. I said the average price increase is probably around 12%, which is way lower than most people thought. My estimate was 10 to 15, and we came in close to the 10. That's a surprise.

    What this does to the ASP depends on what the previous ASP was, and that is never given by Apple. There are a lot of estimates out there. People are saying it's already at 1,200, or already at 1,100. I've been much more conservative. I thought it was about 900, and therefore now we're at a thousand, perhaps. If you'll indulge me, the reason I believe it's lower than what the mainstream is saying is that I can't reconcile the fact that there are 1.2 billion iPhones in use and only 200 million are sold a year. If only 200 million are sold a year, and some are to new customers, how do you account for, let's say, 150 million phones replacing the worn out, broken and obsolete portion of the 1.2 billion? It suggests the lifespan of the product is eight to ten years.

    Farshad Nayeri: That doesn't make sense either.

    Horace Dediu: And no one is talking about this.

    Fred Stein: I totally agree.

    Horace Dediu: The ASP immediately affects this, because we don't know it, but if you assume a huge ASP, you're shrinking the volume, which means you're not servicing the installed base.

    Farshad Nayeri: Is that including the used ones?

    Horace Dediu: It's only new, of course. That's all that matters for Apple's revenue. There are several reasons the ASP is lower, by the way. When Apple publishes a price, there are retail margins. If they sell direct they get the full price, but they're going through carriers, and you see the discounts popping up. Some of that is eaten by the distributor, but Apple's not getting full MSRP on every deal. There's margin evaporation there. And they can account for the revenue differently. There's always this accounting issue where they say: because of software updates, we're deferring some of that revenue. They started doing this years ago, and we forgot about it, but for compliance with GAAP accounting they cannot book the hardware revenue if software is yet to be delivered. If there are future versions of the product, they haven't delivered the product in its complete form, so they defer it.

    Farshad Nayeri: So they're trickling the booked revenue.

    Horace Dediu: Over time that evens out, because now you're booking some tiny amount of a sale from two or three years ago while deferring this year's. It was more important when things were going up quickly. There's a lot in accounting that distorts the picture. I still remember that episode, because all the analysts didn't know what to do with the new data. So now you see the struggle: what is the correct ASP? I'm a little more conservative. I think they're selling a lot more phones. Why are analysts fixated? Because if you read my Stairway to Heaven, you fixate on the top. Oh, the phones are so expensive. But do you know how few two-terabyte units are sold? Those are for people capturing video for hours and hours. You need to be a YouTuber to need a two-terabyte phone. Or they're so wealthy that they don't even question it.

    Fred Stein: Give me the best, and here's my card.

    Horace Dediu: There are people who are completely insensitive to price and will just say, I want the best. But that's a vanishingly small number. What people tend to forget is that there's a lot of this middle to low end. I was a bit surprised, as I was doing my inventory for the Stairway data, that the 16 is still available for sale. The 16 is even lower than the 17e right now, which is considered the low end. There are a lot of good-enough phones down there. I had to do this inventory because I had to see how much the prices increased on the 17, the 17e, the Air and the 16. All of these are now a little higher, depending on the memory configuration.

    So what is the ASP? That is the question. Excluding the Duo, I think it's gone up to probably 1,100 right now. With the Duo, I think we're at 1,200. It all depends on how many Duos they sell. Another small footnote: the start of sales will be in October, so it's not going to make this quarter at all.

    Farshad Nayeri: What's the lowest-priced iPhone?

    Horace Dediu: It's in the 800s. But it used to be 400. That's now taken by the used market, the second-hand market. And by the way, when you think more about Apple Upgrade, you realize that those leased products that return to Apple are going to be under their control and visibility, and they'll know much more about that market. That information is super important. Once a phone goes into the secondary market, they don't know much about it. They don't know what pricing people are getting. They have to sample it. If you want to Google it, you can find refurbished phones on Amazon, on eBay, on dedicated sites. There are also physical retail locations. I was in Paris a few weeks ago and walked by a shop where you could see the used phones for sale.

    Fred Stein: A follow-up to that: will Apple follow what carmakers have been doing, where they take those phones from the upgrade program, put them in a nice package and sell them?

    Horace Dediu: They do. On the Apple Store there are refurbs, but that's a scale game. What you're referring to is lease returns. Currently, when people go to the Apple Store and return one a month later that they didn't use that much, because of the refund policy, Apple takes those almost completely new and resells them at a slight discount. But now we're talking about one- to two-year-old phones. I don't think there's a three-year-old option, but they have the two-year-old phone that they will probably take in huge numbers, refurbish in a very high-volume facility, and pump back out at minimal profit. I don't think it's about profit. I think it's about knowledge of the market and understanding how to deal with it.

    The auto market is the key question, because in the auto market there are four used cars sold for every new car. The used market is now becoming the primary market, because cars are so expensive. Only twelve percent of Americans today can afford a new car. It used to be like sixty or seventy percent who were in the market for a new car. Prices have exploded, and so one in six Americans are buying new cars, and now they determine why the cars we find available are all enormous SUVs: that 12% is the wealthiest 12%, and they're buying those cars and saying no to economy cars.

    This is a very important observation, because a lot of classical disruption theory depends on the low end and the mass market being interested in good enough. The problem is that the industry has completely dehydrated itself of visibility into that market. The challenge for Apple is not to fall into the trap of making things for the rich few, and yet not compromise on quality. If there's one thing I would advise Apple on, it's not to fall into the innovator's dilemma. It's a trap to think that more profitability is always the right answer. Apple being a premium brand, people already assume it's an exclusive, frivolous type of product, but they're not thinking fully about what's going on there.

    Farshad Nayeri: Speaking of that: a couple of Office Hours ago, when John Ternus's position was announced and the Neo was announced around the same time, you said you would like to see more disruptive products like the Neo. Now we see the Duo, which seems like the other side.

    Horace Dediu: But there's a dual launch cycle. This is unprecedented. We're going to have a second iPhone launch event. It started with the iPhone 5c, the plastic iPhone, which I think was a spring launch, and then they had the SE, and they've been dribbling out E's over time. Now the core product, the iPhone 18, is not launching in the fall. It's launching in the spring. You could read that as saying they're downplaying the core, the mid, the low, and hyping only the premium, the Pro. But I think of it as moving the core to having its own event. You'll have the Pro and the core at two separate events.

    Why not the holidays? Apple is very seasonal. It's got this huge leap because gift-giving is so important. It's consumer behavior; it's psychological. But the reason you do a spring launch is that there's gift-giving in other countries that doesn't follow the Christian calendar. You're still pushing gifting and seasonality, but spreading it across two different gift seasons. They might even do another one. I don't know if India is out of cycle with China; they might do an Indian orientation as well. Also, competitors took advantage of the fact that Apple was so focused on the fall by launching exactly out of phase, six months later. All the Samsung launches were happening in the spring. So Apple is going to suck some oxygen out of that by moving its own schedule there. It's cultural, regional, and it's also the idea that the markets that buy in the fall are grabbing the latest and greatest. The most popular phones and the highest ASP were during the December quarter. So we'll see that play out. If anything, they're giving more credence and more power to the spring schedule. They might put the Mac, the iPad, education, out into the spring as well. There are a couple of surprising things, like launching the new Mac mini a couple of weeks before this event, probably because they can't do more than four things in one. So there are two launch events in the fall.

    Farshad Nayeri: Maybe there's going to be an October surprise.

    Horace Dediu: I can tell you that what I saw in terms of logistics, a real gold iPhone is a tough thing to do.

    Farshad Nayeri: As you were talking about the Duo, I remembered that iOS is completely reshaped to support it. As a developer, I'm thinking about their platform strategy, where they went to SwiftUI and everybody said the apps on the Mac look ugly, not native, ported from the iPad. Given that the fold form factor has been around for such a long time, I'm wondering how long Apple has been thinking about supporting that kind of UI, with moving all the controls to the right.

    Horace Dediu: They've been thinking about it for seven years. They don't think about the fold in terms of bending screens. Screens that bend are nice, and their laboratories would have been thinking about it a long time ago. The whole picture was: what about the software? How would it feel? What might you do differently? Durability, the engineering side of things. Everything gets looked at.

    Farshad Nayeri: Bob has another question. Klarna runs the iPhone leasing program for Apple. Is Apple selling these leased iPhones to Klarna? Does that allow Apple to book the revenue immediately while Klarna takes it over time?

    Horace Dediu: It's a good question, but I think the Klarna business is more underwriting. It's a risk management business. They deal with the issues related to people not paying, dealing with bad loans. It was something I thought about when I first heard about it, whether they book it differently, but I don't think it's core to the concept. One valid question would be: why didn't they do it themselves? They surely have the banking chops to pull it off.

    Farshad Nayeri: They did the card with Goldman Sachs.

    Horace Dediu: Goldman, again, is where you see the separation between what Apple does and what their partner does. They like to outsource credit risk, and in this case they like to outsource the risk involved with bad loans. If Apple became a financial organization, that's a line they draw: this is a risk we don't want to take. It's like the hybrid nature of the way they handle manufacturing. The line is drawn not on owning the factory, or the equipment in the factory, or even the processes. They actually engineer those themselves and get deeply involved in engineering the factory. Where they draw the line is labor, because they don't want to be involved with labor disputes, recruiting, all the aspects of managing a workforce that is not their workforce. Their workforce is very carefully chosen to be R&D, SG&A, core employees, and then retail. They didn't want to get into managing manufacturing employees. It's a whole different game. So they're very carefully choosing where they want to draw the line of demarcation. They have done banking, in a sense. They have Apple Cash accounts and so on.

    Farshad Nayeri: They don't do full banking. I wonder who has custody of that cash with Apple Cash.

    Horace Dediu: Insured, as far as I know, but through a partner, because you have to comply with all kinds of things.

    Farshad Nayeri: We can't end this call without talking about AI a little. There's been this discussion online that this is all well and good, but AI is going to get rid of all screens and we'll just talk to the thing. So what's the big deal with Apple's results?

    Horace Dediu: We've had a lot of betas since WWDC that people have been testing with. There are a few hints now. First, the OS upgrade ships Monday. As we speak it's Friday, so it's around the corner. That'll be big. I think people overall have been giving good reviews. It is much better than many people expected.

    But the big news of the event, to me, was the Watch, and health in general, and how it's going to end up leveraging AI. That is one of those things that keeps compounding. The story of health and Apple continues to be a drumroll that gets bigger and louder, and it's still getting ignored. It's getting ignored the way services were ignored ten years ago, when for years Wall Street didn't think it was worth paying attention to. It was a hobby. Even the most famous followers of Apple would have said Apple's no good at the services business, that it was Google's game to be a good services company, that Apple was too slow, that they were bad at building data centers. No one's saying that now.

    Tim has a lot of quotes, but the one I like most is where he said that in the future Apple may be known most for its contribution to health. That's a bold claim. Again, it flew over people's heads. But think about it: would I rather have a device that keeps me healthy? Not just fixes me, but keeps me healthy. That's health maintenance. As a coach, it does all the things that lead to a good lifestyle, and maybe not just health but happiness; it keeps me mentally healthy. What would be the value of that machine versus one that was an AI? We focus entirely on AI being some kind of magic, whereas health is another kind of magic that doesn't seem to be considered very valuable. If I were to do the math, the health industry, including wellness, exercise, apparel, the diet industry, is far bigger than knowledge-based assistance.

    I'm not discounting AI at all. But people's values are more likely to say: we want to preserve and be healthy. There are big problems with that, obviously, in motivation and so on. But if Apple can crack that nut. We like GLP-1s because we like pills. Simple answers, simple solutions, quick, but expensive. Doctors like them because they're easy to prescribe. You don't have to rely on the habits or the mind of the patient. You don't have to change people's behaviors. But what if you could change people's behaviors? What if you had a machine that was effective in this way of guidance, without the side effects? The problem with pills is that they have side effects. They are also expensive, and they end up creating artificial monopolies. The case in point would be exercise. If exercise were a pill, it would be a miracle pill.

    Farshad Nayeri: Every doctor would prescribe it. They just don't think people will do it.

    Horace Dediu: The point is that what you should be thinking is: how do I make exercise into a pill? Making it into something so reliably delivered and so easily administered: whoever does this will reap enormous rewards. That's where I think Apple is thinking they'll be in twenty years. I'm not saying five years from now. We're just seeing continuous progress, always flying under the radar, everyone glazing over. Oh, more sensors under the Watch, what's the big deal, another way to look at your health data. But that Watch is collecting so much data. I'm shocked, when I scroll through my Health app, at how many different things it's able to infer. And now people are looking closely and seeing that it's tracking your heart rate at five-second increments. Five-second increments means as close to real time as possible. What about blood pressure? What about glucose? Your hearing, your eyesight? We're seeing all of this. And then ultimately the biggest things of all: exercise and diet. Apple will eventually, I think, conquer these domains, and then it'll be a thing you have that's as important as an AI assistant. How about my health coach?

    Farshad Nayeri: When they showed the VO2 max video, they were saying, put your iPhone over there, and they were trying to read your whole body, how you move. Because an iPhone is multimodal: the screen is for me to see what I should be doing, the camera is to see what I am doing, and then the Watch. Going back to AI: where are AI's eyes? Where is it going to interact with me? Is it going to tell me how to move my arms? People underestimate how hard it is to get accuracy and precision in an interaction with words alone.

    Horace Dediu: And they just did an acquisition. I put out a Nota Bene about this. They acquired a company that is using electromagnetic fields to infer, not necessarily intent, although that was my initial read, but having looked into it further, I think it's going to be more biosensing: possibly using electromagnetics to determine blood sugar or other metrics of your health. Lots going on there. It's not going to be neural implants, but they're going to get all this data. This is a moonshot. This is the human moonshot. It's solving something bigger than AI, in my opinion.

    Farshad Nayeri: One last question, from Roger S. Given the minimal price increase on the 18 Pros, and the minimal price increases on the older models, do you believe Apple will be using Chinese memory in the phones sold in China?

    Horace Dediu: This is a very specific question, Roger, and such a political problem. I don't know. As I always say, I'm not a political analyst. I don't even know if anybody could be one. But I think the puzzle will be solved somehow. The memory thing is a multi-year problem. It is a hundred-year flood. Apple is going to have to work it out, but I don't have any doubt that they will. For two or three years they're going to face issues with supply and margin. Those are the two main issues. But coming out of this, either there's a reconfiguration of the whole industry, because we got here through concentration into two or three suppliers, so either the supplier base explodes with new entrants, or the incumbents choose to do it themselves. That is unclear. Do you want to get into this game or not? But capital needs to flow into this, and capital flows into a vacuum like this. Why? Because if you have companies with sixty percent gross margins, among the most valuable companies on the planet, making one commodity, obviously it's going to attract anybody. There's a lead time involved. But I don't have any doubt: every shortage is followed by a glut. I don't believe we're going to rewrite the economics of supply and demand on the basis of one component.

    Farshad Nayeri: On that note, it was submitted to me that it is possible you could wear a chain.

    Horace Dediu: You think I'm pulling it off?


    The second session of the Office Hours Duo takes place in Boston on Friday, September 18. Get tickets. visit asymco.com/live for the latest.

    Subscribe to Asymco One for full access to this and other content.

  5. Asymco Office Hours Duo: Boston: Friday, 18 September 2026

    Invitation Office Hours

    I look at phones, so you don’t have to.

    Asymco Office Hours Duo:
    Friday, September 18: In Person & Remote

    For the second half of Asymco Office Hours Duo, join Horace Dediu live, in person or remotely this Friday Sept 18, for a live Q&A covering Apple's September event, the first keynote under John Ternus.

    Asymco Office Hours September 18
    4–5:30pm ET / 1–2:30pm PT
    Remote or In Person

    Asymco Happy Hour
    5:30–7pm ET, in person.
    Hang out with Horace & co.

    Register: In Person or Remote


    Venue details are on the ticket. Asymco One subscribers are guaranteed seats, can sign up for free, and will have access to the recording and transcript shortly after the event. Latest updates at asymco.com/live.

  6. The Dawn of Gestural Computing

    Research · 6 comments

    Reflections on the iPhone Uno

    The more one thinks about the iPhone Duo the more the "Duo" branding appears to be signifying something beyond two screens or two thousand dollars. It becomes apparent that it also represents 2.0. The iPhone 2.0 branding seems appropriate as so much of the product is changing: not just the way it looks but the way it works.

    To contemplate this, consider that the premise of folding the screen isn't just to afford a larger surface but also the mechanical theater of moving parts, user gestures and positional geometries. It's a "book", a mini laptop, a notebook (with Pencil!), a tablet, an alarm clock, a movie screen with stand and controls, etc. Note also the role of cases: from being simple skins to now being functional additions requiring modalities and moving parts.

    When the device was only a glass rectangle we got touch computing. When that surface is variable and multi-modal, we arrive at gestural computing.

    Bringing this to market required solving mechanical and UI problems but also conceptual, jobs-to-be-done questions. Perhaps more productivity, perhaps more creativity. The folding mechanism is a wonder, the surface treatment is chemistry and noting also the liquid glass application, the new interface is magical. These developments, and, undoubtedly, more to come, were necessary to make the idea of gestural computing not just possible but attractive.

    Now a new gesture language will emerge: Opening, closing, propping, typing, flipping are all new, adding to swiping, rotating, pinch and zooming brought to us by multi-touch. The promotional videos Apple released highlight these new gestures visually presenting the product as not just being a 2D slate.

    Naturally, the folding capability will come to other screens in the Apple pantheon: the iPad, Mac, and a multitude of iPhone sizes. Missing elements will be added back to the Duos: FaceID, spatial photography, top-level cameras. The Duo will stand next to it first but eventually will likely eclipse the Uno.

    Such screen Origami will force a question of what happens to the iPhone Uno. Will it become a quaint form factor for the artisanal iPhone crowd? Will it be remembered fondly like we remember Nokia phones today? Sturdy, robust, simple and somewhat rustic?

    Or, will the Uno remain the baseline iPhone for decades to come? And what of the accessories "surfaces" which will expand the interaction and sensing universe?

    When I worked at Nokia 20 years ago, the "mono block" or candy bar form factor was the logical way to think of phones. Not long after achieving dominance, flip phones began to catch on in Japan and the US, eventually also becoming popular in Europe. The pinnacle of this trend was the Motorola RAZR which became the best selling phone for years, selling an unheard-of total of 50 million units in no time. We were baffled by this. The flip was more fragile, had a smaller battery, had a terrible UI, was fiddly in use, required two screens and was more expensive to make. It added no functionality but seemingly added friction to the experience.

    Those who loved the form factor kept emphasizing that it was better but could not explain it except to say it was more satisfying to use. The pantomime of opening and closing provided punctuation to phone calling. We were told women loved it because it mimicked using a make-up compact. A very peculiar argument.

    But Nokia was wrong to ignore flip phones. At least until Apple released the iPhone which put the emphasis on what's on the screen rather than what behind it. The iPhone was once again a reset of the basis of phone competition: from mechanical features to software capability. A screen could offer an infinity of buttons and functions.

    So the Duo in many ways betrays the Uno. It drops a mechanical wrench into the "no-moving-parts" machine that defined the phone for two decades. Apple even got rid of almost all mechanical anything: no more home button, no headphone jack, wireless charging.

    One can argue from an engineering point of view about how the Duo is counter-intuitive: so many compromises to cope with and so little gained. But as the flip phone taught us, the customer's perception of usage is not easily measured or explained. The lust for the fidget, the tactile and the third dimension has been served.

  7. Are iPhones too cheap?

    Research · 1 comment

    Prices for the iPhone 18 Pro and Duo are lower than expected

    When the iPhone Duo price was announced in the Steve Jobs theater I was the only one applauding.

    Prior to the Duo bombshell, the iPhone 18 Pro prices were announced to be a mere $100 higher than the iPhone 17 Pro and the Apple watch prices were kept steady while the AirPods prices actually came down (for one of the cases).

    A stunned silence was clearly warranted but applause?

    Of course, these are the starting prices and the higher memory/storage configurations are sharply higher. The top of the iPhone price range is now $3200. 1

    The base price is however the one most talked about. Ignoring for a moment the financing options (and taxes, AppleCare, non-US pricing and even accessories), are we to think that the iPhone is too expensive or is it too cheap?

    Bank of America analyst Wamsi Mohan seems to think Apple made it too cheap. He cut his price target on the shares on account of there being a likely drop in margins (though an increase in volumes.) He had expected a $2,099 Duo and price increases of $150 to $200 on the Pro base models.

    I had expected a 10% to 15% increase on the iPhone. On an equivalent 17->18 comparison, the price increases for the same memory configurations were as follows:

    Note that there was no 17 Pro 2048 option so the 18 Pro 2048 has no comparison.

    The average (unweighted) price increase was 14%, within my expectations. However, the lower memory configurations are more popular, the 256Gb and 512Gb models saw increases below 10%.2 I expect these are far more popular, putting the weighted average price increase close to 10%.

    On that basis the price increases were lower than I had expected.

    But there's more price increases to consider. The iPhone 17, Air, and 17e and 16 continue to be sold and they all received price increases. These increases are shown in the following graph:

    Here the increases are typically higher, with an average of 17% and a maximum of 30%. And these are not "better" versions, as in the case of the 17->18 Pros. These are the same exact products. The increase on the Air 512 is the most modest and probably the best deal, again suggesting that the 512 configuration is the most economical, perhaps due to scale. 3

    The Duo is out of scope of this comparison but there have been "leaks" suggesting that the $1999 price was chosen years ago to anchor the product implying that the memory catastrophe is being ignored for now. One does not need a leak to consider the anchor price logical and consistent with history of the product.4

    What does this analysis suggest about ASP and volumes?

    Excluding the Duo, the weighted average increase in ASP is probably around 10 to 12%. My own ASP estimate is perhaps too low at $900, and would increase to $1000 under this assumption. However, adding the Duo could bring it to $1200 in the fourth quarter, depending heavily upon the mix. And this is where the conundrum lies: the supply constraints are unknown for the Duo.

    I believe the product will be supply constrained for many months. Waiting times over 1 month will probably persist well into 2027. We have to anticipate enormous demand in Asia, China in particular. I believe the product will be exceptionally popular as a gift, especially for women and the gifting season will continue into spring.

    The product's "hormonal" attraction is off the charts. It all depends on which components are in constraint. The product's screen, processor and memory are challenges.

    Overall, this is an aggressive stance from Apple on pricing. I noted that they did not increase pricing of the whole line in June when the Mac and iPad were hit. Months went by while Apple held the 17/Air line steady. Those buyers got a good deal as now those units are still available but are more expensive, an unprecedented situation.

    There might be a perturbed market in the fourth quarter as the new Pro products are supply constrained while the base models are kept available longer than ever, but at a higher price. So far we've seen masterful management of this market wherein Apple managed to log double digit growth rates while competitors are contracting. Now more variables are added to the mix but the company is oozing with competence.

    1. I should note here that having 2TB of storage or even 1TB on a phone is necessary perhaps if one captures and stores a lot of video. For the vast majority of users the base configuration is perfectly adequate.
    2. Pro tip: the best deal is on the 512GB configuration, and in particular, the 18 Pro Max 512 seems to be the sweet spot with a 7% increase. It's possible that Apple's data suggests that the 512 might also be the most popular which would drive this distribution of pricing.
    3. The increase in price divided by the memory size suggests about 30c/GB increase in the Pro products and 35c/GB in the 17/Air.
    4. You could say Duo really means two (thousand dollars.)
  8. Is the Stairway to Heaven still working?

    Research · 2 comments

    Time to re-frame pricing on a daily basis

    The launch of the iPhone Duo and the surge in memory pricing has caused a disturbance in the force. The new Stairway graph is shown below (click on graph to see higher resolution.)

    A few notes:

    • The process of lowering prices for n-1 devices has reversed. Previous generation iPhone prices have gone up for the first time ever. This is mitigated by the fact that "n-1" is not quite apparent for the 17 as it's still the current model in the mid-range. The 17e and the 16 are still in the roster since there will not be replacement for at least six moths.
    • The higher the memory, the higher the increase. Base models (256G) see increases of $100 but 1TB configuration Air saw a $300 increase.
    • The Duo starting price is a reasonable $1999 which is probably where they wanted it to be years before launch. The more hard to swallow prices are in the higher memory configurations. The top of the stack is now $3200 vs. $2000 previously. That jump appears scary but the top of the range it's likely to be far from the average (or median) configuration.

    Fortunately we have the Leasing (Apple Upgrade) purchase option to determine the price/day at launch. Previously we would have to estimate the resale values years in advance but leasing means Apple does all the work for us.

    The distribution of the daily costs for all the current models (and historic) is shown below:

    This is the 24 moth option which is the only option for the Duo. Note that products that are carried forward had an increase in leasing price. The new median iPhone price (half the units are above, half are below) is $1.44/day. The minimum is $0.66/day and the maximum is $3.05/day. The base Duo price is $1.91.

    One could therefore say that Duo stands for two thousand up-front or two dollars/day.

    What are the consequences?

    Having been at the launch event, my impression is that the new iPhones are very attractive and have that wow factor when held and seen up close. The Duo will do very well in my opinion because it has a sense of theater about it and it moves the iPhone experience into three physical dimensions.

    The pricing is being mitigated with leasing and should become normalized. I do wonder if the leasing price will be slowly put forward as the primary metric. Many consumer items such as homes, cars and durable goods are often quoted in terms of monthly prices. The iPhone provides a very high level of utility to many and the idea of subscribing to it will catch on.

    The iPhone will have perhaps an ASP of $1.35, growing from the historical $1/day. It's a matter of time for this pricing to anchor and become normative.

    Regardless, the Duo will be very popular and be supply constrained for, I believe, at least six months.

  9. Apple iPhone Event First Impressions

    Research · 5 comments

    From the Steve Jobs Theater

    I'm writing while still in the SJ Theater in Cupertino after the end of the event and the media frenzy around the demo devices.

    The atmosphere was noticeably more enthusiastic and the venue was packed. First impression was that John Ternus was already received as a "star" with a standing ovation to on-stage appearance and cheering at his video introduction from Tim Cook. Clearly the audience is already excited by his presence if not charismatic performance.

    The products were on par with outstanding polish and refinement. The details especially health and assistive features are truly transformative and profound even if, as usual, they are discounted by the markets. The idea that Apple devices are life coaches and now longevity assistants is simply indistinguishable from magic.

    The two surprises are:

    1. The prices across the board are holding in an ironclad way. I was really surprised that the AirPods were marginally cheaper, the watch held and the iPhone was up by $100 (base model.) I'll do a deeper dive later with an updated stairway to heaven.
    2. The iPhone Duo is stunning to behold. I was mildly skeptical that it would be a necessity. A nice-to-have, sure, but a must-have, I doubted it. I'm now converted. I feel the Duo is going to become extremely desirable. Mostly because to see one is to want one. The more they sell, the more they will be seen and demanded. It's the ultimate gift and object of desire.

    The Apple engine is running on all cylinders and the only question is if there is enough fuel in the form of supplier components to satisfy the demand. The iPhone Duo will instantly sell out and the 18 and 17 will run strong for another year. The 17 already is the best selling iPhone in history and will stay strong into the spring. A new cadence that will probably tweak sales across the year and create a bi-seasonal burst.

    This is all without mentioning AI. All reviews of Apple Intelligence are positive and the thesis that 80% of users will discover AI through an Apple device holds. The results will be seen in the language: in response to a question, people will say "My iPhone says this". Not Google, not ChatGPT, not Claude. My iPhone is the authority. And my assistant.

  10. Deploying Enterprise AI on Apple Hardware is Suddenly a no-Brainer

    Research · 7 comments

    Apple's AI angle in the enterprise

    There was a time when Apple's point to the Enterprise buyer was that Apple products were ultimately more cost effective and productive. The total cost of ownership was lower as the products were cheaper to maintain and lasted longer and users were more productive as the user experience frictions were lower than Windows.

    The problem was that Apple devices were at odds with IT policies and standards. Everything from device management, software licensing, identity and authentication management, migration, training, security were built excluding the Apple platforms. The Microsoft world was interlocking and impenetrable even if it was sub-optimal on metrics of performance.

    It began to change with the subversive iPhone and iPad. As not only some early adopter employees but management itself began to bring their personal devices to work and ask IT to make the "systems" work through them. Thus the infiltration was not as much through the "grass roots" but through the top of the food chain. The canonical example was the CEO demanding to use an iPad to speed run meetings all day.

    And from that crack Apple penetrated enterprises to such an extent that today the MacBook Air is the world's best selling enterprise laptop. The iPhone and iPad are also the best selling enterprise phones and tablets. More Apple devices are purchased in enterprise than any other brand.

    Though MacOS and iOS are still not the majority platforms, in some verticals such as surgery, Apple Vision Pro has been established as the only viable option.

    But now that AI is becoming a new wave of software/service for Enterprises, Apple is surprisingly in the driver's seat for being the best platform for deployment.

    By "best" I mean objectively best in performance, security and, most shockingly, cost.

    Best Performance

    Though there are lower cost alternatives, the top of the line Mac Studio in a cluster configuration can provide 2TB of unified memory, 1.2 TB/s of bandwidth and handle up to to 1.6 trillion active parameters.

    It's hard to visualize these numbers but what it boils down to is that enterprises can deploy vast models to run locally. Why locally? Because many examples from healthcare to aviation to transportation to financial services require privacy, off-line or compliance which disallow cloud-based services.

    By one estimate, 50% of Enterprise AI inference will be processed locally by 2030. Half of the market for enterprise AI will be on device. This is profound.

    Best Security

    Apple offers built-in security at every layer: Service layer, Network, App, Data, System, and Silicon hardware. This is religion for Apple and not an after-thought. As such, the frameworks were ready before even the new AI as a service has been invented.

    Best Price

    This is the most surprising and most consequential development.

    Apple devices already have the higher residual value, highest employee affinity, lowest operating cost (due to security mainly), lower energy cost and lower support cost.

    But now, when running AI, localized inference delivers a capped cost structure vs. an unlimited risk for token costs. The math is shocking.

    Two examples:

    1. A 26B parameter business analysis model running for 4 hours a day consuming 150 million tokens a month results in a cost of between $450 and $850 per user per month. The alternative is to buy a MacBook Pro and run that same model at zero cost. The acquisition cost of a 16" M5 Max with 40-core GPU and 128GB of unified memory is $6500. The payback period is 7 to 14 months. Thereafter the savings are $5400 to $10,200 per year.
    2. Agentic coding using an 80B parameter model running 12 hours a day and consuming 300 million tokens a month will cost between $900 and $1500 per user per month. The alternative is to buy a Mac Studio M5 Ultra 80-core GPU and 256GB 4TB storage for $11,219. The payback period is 7 to 12 months, saving $11,000 to $18,000 every year thereafter.

    The graph at the top of this post illustrates that this net savings is available above a certain threshold. These are serious numbers when the number of possible users is in the hundreds. The fixed hardware investment is a significant game changer in AI implementations.

    The questions changes from why should we use Apple devices to why shouldn't we?

    History has shown that computation tends to distribute itself to "the edge" of the network. It's been so since microprocessors were first developed in the 1970s. The logic at first is one of control and flexibility but it soon becomes one of cost. Early PC users in the enterprise loved the ability to have local spreadsheets and word processing at their fingertips and under their own ability to operate. Later it was desktop publishing and image editing and a multitude of applications.

    That has been Apple's story in the enterprise: first it was a set of really unique experiences and degrees of creative freedom. Now we are at the stage where it just makes enormous financial sense. That is a watershed moment.

    The corollary here is that AI is not much more than computing demand. If that demand is local or remote is a question of requirements. It so happens that local is desirable for a lot of people, and not just consumers.

    The counter-argument is that the model must always evolve and thus the local becomes outdated or stale. But there are many forms of intelligences which do not require global or world models. The information an enterprise relies on for operations is not going to constantly change based on factors outside of its control.

    When we look back on this period we will probably be amazed at how Apple was able to "pivot" to becoming the platform for Enterprise AI. The real magic is that it was always on the same path.

  11. What's Going on with Smartphones?

    Research · 5 comments

    A state of the union look at the market for mobiles.

    Looking at the IDC data on smartphone shipments (2014 to present), the pattern shows a peak in 2017.

    Covid caused a contraction and recovery but since then the unit market has not reached pre-Covid levels. Moreover, the current memory supply crisis is expected to cause a dip unlike any of the previous ones.

    IDC expects the market in 2026 to roughly 1.09 billion units and another 1.1% decline in 2027. This may be optimistic. Yearly volumes could drop below 1 billion.

    The sub-$100 entry-level device tier remains permanently constrained or uneconomical, pushing average selling prices higher. Emerging markets will fall the most. The Middle East and Africa are forecast to drop roughly 23%, Central and Eastern Europe down 19%, and Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan and China) down 14%.

    In the US, Counterpoint says that sub-$100 smartphone sales declined nearly 65% during Q2 2026 compared with the year-ago period. The rest of the market fell by 45% as smaller manufacturers struggled to navigate component cost increases.

    US Q2 smartphone market update:
    Overall: -5%
    Top 4 OEMs Apple, Samsung, Motorola, Google: -4%
    All others: -45%
    Prepaid: -11%
    Sub $100: -64%
    Apple reported N. American sales +11%.

    Yet the number of smartphone users is not decreasing. There are approximately 5.78 billion unique smartphone users worldwide, accounting for over 70% of the global population. Moreover, there are over 7.6 billion active smartphones in use globally. (1.3 phones per user.) According to data trackers like Counterpoint Research, the active installed base grows by low single digits annually.

    The history and near future of these measures are shown below:

    Note the confluence of two trends: the increase of users and devices in use and the decline in unit sales. I also pointed out in the graph that of the units sold a certain number must be going to new users (as long as new users is growing). The remaining units (shown in yellow) are replacement units. That means they are used to maintain the base which is shown as the dashed blue line.

    But if the dashed line is increasing (from 4 to nearly 8 billion) and the replacement number is constant (about 1 billion) then the phones in use must be lasting longer.

    Dividing the base by the replacement rate gives the implied device lifespan, shown below:

    If the sales and base data is correct then the lifespan must have grown from below 4 years in 2016 to about 8 years in 2023. It has held steady since and may stay there through 2028.

    Eight years is a much longer time frame for an average phone's life than many may consider reasonable. No Android vendor supports their phones that long. However, Apple supports iPhones with major iOS software updates for about 5 to 7 years from their release date. They often provide critical security patches for an extra 1 to 2 years after a phone stops getting main iOS upgrades. This means Apple support lasts about 8 years.

    To confirm this we should analyze at the iPhone separately from the global market in the same way: installed base, units sold and implied longevity.

    I used IDC data for iPhone unit sales in the graphs on the left and my own estimates in the graphs on the right. The installed base is based on Apple released data and extrapolations.

    Apart from an anomaly in 2021 due to the recovery from Covid, the average lifespan for the iPhone (blue lines in the bottom graphs) holds at 8.5 in my data and 9.4 in the IDC data.

    There are two reasons I believe my estimates to be more likely correct. First, because they also align with the overall market data (red line, right bottom graph) and second, they align with the support that Apple grants.

    One more thing.

    IDC also offers estimates of Samsung and Xiaomi unit sales. I show these estimates below.

    To remove the noise of seasonality, I provided twelve-month averages (solid lines). Note that their estimate for the iPhone (which is lower than mine) puts Apple ahead of Samsung since 2024.

    Also note that the "Other" vendors combined are in a secular decline in volumes which will accelerate into the rest of 2026 and 2027. It's unknown whether this trend will continue in the longer term.

    So what are the takeaways from this state of market review? Where are Smartphones going?

    • Apple the volume leader. It's been the profit leader since inception. It's been the sales value leader as well for a very long time. Being the volume leader may be a surprise to some. Moreover, we might be seeing a shift in strategy intended to drive even higher share gains and install base gains into new markets. There are profound implications when Apple is no longer only 20%. It already has the best quintile but can it harvest the second?
    • The low-end market may be in check-mate. The premiumization of the market has been underway for a while but apart from Apple, vendors are having a hard time profiting from phones. History has seen the exit of many phone makers. Nokia, Motorola, Sony-Ericsson, Panasonic, and many others are gone. They were all huge at their peak. Now we see brands such as Oppo, Vivo, Poco, RealMe, iqoo in the top 10. See the graph below for the Indian market. They are losing share and the lower the volume, the less likely the recovery.
    • Longevity matters. Support for 8 years should be standard but it isn't. Apple saw this early and made the infrastructure commitment to carry users to a future device lifespan. This includes the secondary market. This is reflected in the residual value of the phones and in their desirability in the used market. As phones last longer they are also more expensive; a natural tradeoff.
    • The user base is nearing a peak. 6 billion may not yet be it, but there are only 8 billion people on the planet. I would guess that 7 billion might be saturation. However, we're seeing 1.3 units/user attach rate. That may increase, as it has been.
    • The total smartphone base thus may reach 10 billion (1.4 attached to 7 billion). The iPhone should be able to reach 2 billion in use with a total Apple active device base near 3.5 billion. This could easily happen by 2031.